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Texting or otherwise employing a cellphone while driving has consistently been linked to increased risk. There also is evidence that speaking on a cellphone increases crash risk, though this hasn't been firmly established. Early research focused on the risk of speaking on the phone while driving, because texting and smartphones had yet to become widespread.

Two different epidemiological studies connected speaking on a cellphone to a fourfold increase in the likelihood of a crash resulting in injury to the driver McEvoy, S.P.; Stevenson, M.R.; McCartt, A.T.; Woodward, M.; Haworth, C.; Palamara, P.; and Cercarelli, R. 2005. Role of mobile phones in motor vehicle crashes resulting in hospital attendance: a case-crossover study.

At the chance of a crash involving property damage, but no injury. Association between cellular-telephone calls and motor vehicle collisions. Two recent studies, such as one by the Institute, suggest estimates from these epidemiological studies can be too significant. Both utilized data from over 3, 000 drivers that were continuously monitored for up to 3 years throughout 2010-13, also revealed that the danger of a minor or crash severe enough to report to authorities doubled when drivers were speaking on a cellphone compared with when they were not visibly distracted. Driver crash risk factors and incidence evaluation using naturalistic driving data.

The significance of crash type and seriousness when estimating crash risk using the SHRP2 naturalistic driving data. Another analysis of these data found that speaking on a cellphone substantially increased crash risk for drivers 16-20 and also 21-29 years, though not for other age classes. Another Institute study which took a detailed look at cellphone usage during trips made by 105 drivers monitored for one year during 2003-04 found that speaking on a cellphone did not substantially increase the danger of a close or crash in contrast with periods where drivers were not speaking on the phone as far. Relationship of near-crash/crash risk to time spent on a cellphone while driving. The evidence is better when it comes to texting or employing a cellphone. The two analyses of data from the naturalistic study of over 3, 000 drivers suggested that crash threat was 5 times larger or longer when drivers were controlling a cellphone compared with when they were not distracted. The study that utilized these data to examine crash risk of texting for drivers in different age classes found a significant increase in crash risk for driver age groups under 30 years old and drivers within 64.

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